Luteolin (CAS No: 491-70-3): Overview and Applications
Luteolin (3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in various plants, including celery, broccoli, parsley, thyme, and chamomile. With the CAS number 491-70-3, this yellow crystalline compound is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Its molecular formula is C₁₅H₁₀O₆, and it has a molecular weight of 286.24 g/mol.
Key Characteristics
Chemical Structure: Luteolin belongs to the flavone subclass of flavonoids, characterized by a 15-carbon skeleton with two aromatic rings (A and B) and a hydroxylated heterocyclic ring (C). The hydroxyl groups at positions 3′,4′,5, and 7 contribute to its bioactive potential.
Solubility: Poorly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Biological Activities
Antioxidant Effects: Luteolin neutralizes free radicals and chelates metal ions, reducing oxidative stress linked to aging, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s), and cardiovascular disorders.
Anti-Inflammatory Action: Inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) and enzymes (COX-2, iNOS), making it a candidate for managing chronic inflammatory conditions like arthritis.
Anticancer Potential: Studies suggest luteolin induces apoptosis, suppresses metastasis, and inhibits angiogenesis in cancers such as breast, prostate, and colon cancer by modulating pathways like PI3K/AKT and NF-κB.
Neuroprotection: Enhances cognitive function and protects neurons by reducing oxidative damage and amyloid-beta plaque formation.
Applications
Pharmaceuticals: Investigated for drug development in cancer therapy, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory treatments.
Nutraceuticals: Used in dietary supplements to support immune health and combat oxidative stress.
Cosmetics: Incorporated into anti-aging skincare products for its antioxidant and UV-protective effects.
Safety
Luteolin is generally safe at dietary levels but may interact with medications metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. High doses in supplements require further clinical validation.
Conclusion
Luteolin’s multifaceted bioactivities and natural origin make it a valuable compound in medical, nutritional, and cosmetic research. Ongoing studies aim to harness its full therapeutic potential while ensuring safety and efficacy.