Trolox is a synthetic antioxidant that mimics the biological activity of vitamin E but with enhanced water solubility, making it highly useful in various scientific and industrial applications.
1. Key Applications
Antioxidant Research
Free Radical Scavenging: Trolox is widely used to study the mechanisms of free radical scavenging and oxidative stress.
Reference Standard: Used as a reference compound in antioxidant assays, such as the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay and the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay.
Biochemical Studies
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition: Used to investigate the protection of cell membranes and lipoproteins from oxidative damage.
Cell Culture: Added to cell culture media to protect cells from oxidative stress during experiments.
Pharmaceutical Development
Drug Formulation: Investigated as an additive in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the stability and shelf life of drugs susceptible to oxidation.
Therapeutic Potential: Studied for its potential therapeutic effects in diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
Cosmetic Industry
Skin Care Products: Used in anti-aging and skin care formulations to protect the skin from oxidative damage caused by UV radiation and environmental pollutants.
Food Industry
Food Preservation: Explored as a natural antioxidant to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils in food products, thereby extending shelf life.
Analytical Chemistry
Calibration Standard: Used as a calibration standard in various analytical techniques to quantify antioxidant activity.
Chromatography: Employed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other chromatographic methods for the analysis of antioxidants.
Medical Research
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: Used in studies to measure oxidative stress biomarkers and evaluate the efficacy of antioxidant therapies.
In Vivo Studies: Investigated in animal models to understand the role of antioxidants in health and disease.
Material Science
Polymer Stabilization: Added to polymers and plastics to prevent oxidative degradation and extend their useful life.
Environmental Science
Pollution Studies: Used to study the effects of environmental pollutants on oxidative stress in biological systems.
2. Industrial and Commercial Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry: Used in drug development and formulation.
Cosmetic Industry: Incorporated into anti-aging and skin care products.
Food Industry: Explored for use in food preservation.
Research Laboratories: Widely used in biochemical and medical research.
3. Handling and Processing
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol.
Storage: Should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture.
Processing: Typically used in solution-phase reactions and assays.
4. Environmental and Safety Considerations
Toxicity: Generally low toxicity, but proper handling procedures should be followed to avoid inhalation or skin contact.
Environmental Impact: Should be used and disposed of in accordance with local regulations to minimize environmental impact.
CHM.210900 -Trolox 97% - CAS: 53188-07-1
1. General Information
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Chemical Name: Trolox (6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid)
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CAS Number: 53188-07-1
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Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₁₈O₄
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Molecular Weight: 250.29 g/mol
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Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
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Purity: 97%
2. Physical and Chemical Properties
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Melting Point: ~185–190°C
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Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
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Density: ~1.2 g/cm³
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Solubility:
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Water: Soluble (enhanced water solubility compared to vitamin E).
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Organic Solvents: Soluble in ethanol and methanol; slightly soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate.
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Refractive Index: Not applicable (solid form).
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Stability: Stable under normal conditions but may degrade under strong light or in the presence of strong oxidizing agents.
3. Functional Properties
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Antioxidant Activity: Strong free radical scavenging activity, often used as a reference standard in antioxidant assays.
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Water Solubility: Enhanced water solubility compared to vitamin E, making it suitable for aqueous applications.
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Stability: Stable in solution at neutral pH but may degrade under acidic or alkaline conditions.
4. Reactivity
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Free Radical Scavenging: Reacts with and neutralizes free radicals, preventing oxidative damage.
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Oxidation: Can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents, leading to degradation.
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Hydrolysis: Stable to hydrolysis under neutral conditions but may degrade under extreme pH conditions.
5. Thermal Properties
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Thermal Stability: Stable at room temperature but decomposes at elevated temperatures (above 190°C).
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Thermal Conductivity: Not typically measured for organic compounds.
6. Optical Properties
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UV-Vis Absorption: Absorbs in the UV region, with a peak around 290 nm.
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Fluorescence: May exhibit weak fluorescence under UV light.
7. Chemical Resistance
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Acids: Degrades under strong acidic conditions.
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Bases: Degrades under strong alkaline conditions.
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Oxidizing Agents: Susceptible to oxidation by strong oxidizing agents.
8. Safety Information
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Toxicity: Generally low toxicity, but proper handling procedures should be followed to avoid inhalation or skin contact.
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Flammability: Non-flammable.
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Handling Precautions:
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Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats.
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Handle in a well-ventilated area or fume hood.
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9. Storage and Handling
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Storage Conditions:
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Store at 2-8 C.
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Keep container tightly sealed to prevent contamination.
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Shelf Life: Typically 1–2 years when stored properly.
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