Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, is a primary amine buffer widely used in biochemical and molecular biology applications. Its key role is maintaining stable pH (typically 7.0–9.0) in solutions. Common uses include:
Buffering Agent:
Electrophoresis: Used in SDS-PAGE, TAE (Tris-Acetate-EDTA), and TBE (Tris-Borate-EDTA) running buffers for nucleic acid separation.
Nucleic Acid/Protein Studies: Stabilizes pH in DNA/RNA extraction, PCR, and enzyme assays (e.g., restriction digestions). TE buffer (Tris-EDTA) preserves DNA integrity.
Cell Culture: Occasionally supplements media to neutralize metabolic byproducts.
Neutralizing Agent:
Adjusts pH in pharmaceutical formulations and chemical reactions, particularly when handling acidic compounds.
Primary Standard:
Serves as a high-purity reference in acid-base titrations due to its stability and well-characterized properties.
Preparation:
Tris buffers are typically prepared at 10–100 mM concentrations. Dissolve Trizma Base in water, then adjust to the desired pH (commonly 7.5–8.0 for biological applications) using HCl.
Precautions:
Tris pH is temperature-sensitive; calibrate at working temperatures.
Avoid in reactions involving amine-reactive compounds (e.g., aldehydes).
Wear PPE (gloves, goggles) to prevent irritation. Dispose of waste per local regulations.
Trizma Base’s versatility in pH control and compatibility with biological systems makes it indispensable in laboratories.